Despite undergoing government training courses, teachers largely do not address burning South African concerns such as HIV prevention or sexual violence. My favourite event, however, is the brain child of Dr Nomcebo Mthembu. HIV is spread because the same knife is used on large groups of boys. How does virginity testing, the annual Royal Reed Dance benefit our girls…why do we raise our boys differently? BACKGROUND: Medical male circumcision (MMC) is a key strategy in the South African HIV infection prevention package. Posts about Zulu circumcision written by The Zulu Kingdom The Zulu Kingdom thezulukingdom.com is an African culture and heritage blog showcasing the fascinating stories of unsung heroes and heroines; great imagery, music and dance. Normally in Zulu, these boys will be abducted and then taken to a secret place that can only be accessed by elderly women who bring them food and drinks. Some people and human right groups have renamed this practice "female genital mutilation" or "FGM". Only on emerging from seclusion were women's concerns briefly addressed. This call from Prince Nhlanganiso Zulu was the second edict telling Zulu men to do so since King Shaka banned the practice to … DURBAN - Zulu men, go out and get circumcised. However, there is no evidence that a circumcised man with HIV poses any less risk of infecting his female partner than an uncircumcised man. Later I learned that female circumcision is not just practiced by the Maasai people. All my friends are doing it. You can now see that the Xhosa are interesting people and among the few cultures that have managed to thrive despite westernization. I never even saw the knife. The Xhosa language (Isixhosa), of which there are variations, is part of the Nguni language group. "I did not sleep for seven nights for the pain. An edict by the king of the Zulus to bring back circumcision for thousands of teenage boys is causing alarm in South Africa, amid record numbers of deaths from the traditional manhood ritual. Need to translate "female circumcision" to Zulu? "It worries me that the Zulu king intends this to be a test of courage.". Without it you are inkwenkwe – a boy – and you are not allowed to mix with men. In the Zulu heartland of South Africa, where more than one in seven people are HIV positive, a Zulu king is reviving the tradition of male circumcision in an effort to fight the spread of HIV. Indoni has become my favourite event for the simple reason that it’s not just about one tribe. Other health benefits linked to circumcision include reduced rates for penile, cervical and possibly prostate cancer. Aim But health officials working with South Africa's second largest tribe, the Xhosa – who never gave up the practice – say the move could put thousands of lives at risk. "Most new incidences of HIV are among women," said Dubula, secretary general of the Treatment Action Campaign. What happens exactly is dependent on the tribe involved. Circumcision has ancient roots among several ethnic groups in sub-equatorial Africa, and is still performed on adolescent boys to symbolize their transition to warrior status or adulthood. Goats, blankets and bottles of Viceroy brandy and Smirnoff vodka must be bought. During Ngcolomba's seclusion, he was not allowed to see women. He must be able to survive in the wild, fight, but also resolve conflicts.''. (NateBW/ CC BY SA 2.0 ) However, in ancient Egypt and other cultures in Africa, only part of the foreskin was removed. Last Saturday, wrapped in a blanket, 19-year-old Andile Ngcolomba ended his month in seclusion by walking off the aloe-covered slopes of Peddie into his mother's impoverished village in Qamini Location. The Canadian-Israeli woman has started volunteering for the Jerusalem AIDS Project (JAIP), and since March, as the NGO’s country coordinator for South Africa, has traveled there twice to help train Zulu medical personnel in the practice of male medical circumcision. A form of circumcision was also practiced in Oceania and Aboriginal Australia using sea shells as … One thing, however, never changes, and that is patriarchy, which is faithfully perpetuated, especially amongst Africans. Even his mobile phone must go. People dance and sacrifice animals during this period. Circumcision and/or subincision, often as part of an intricate coming of age ritual, was a common practice among Australian Aborigines and Pacific islanders at first contact with Western travellers. He made the announcement about Medical Male Circumcision (MMC) in the name of the king of the Zulu nation in Durban on Friday. No man can be a leader without it. Circumcision is not a traditional part of Zulu society, and Zulu women may Zulu teenage boys have to undergo a bizarre circumcision rite to become men. We should stop making boys feel stupid for having not slept with a girl early enough. 4. However, with a Zulu president in power, it is likely that the king is equally motivated by a desire to bolster his nation. Women may have a potentially powerful role in supporting such a strategy. Other than the King Shaka memorial and the Isandlwana battle re-enactment, there are two cultural events that I always look forward to each year; one being the Royal Zulu Reed Dance, a centuries-old event taking place at King Goodwill Zwelithini Enyokeni Royal Palace in September, early spring. Female genital mutilation (FGM), also known as female genital cutting (FGC), is practiced in 30 countries in western, eastern, and north-eastern Africa, in parts of the Middle East and Asia, and within some immigrant communities in Europe, North America and Australia. In those areas, it is found among certain indigenous Andean and Australian ethnic groups (of varied traditional religious and cultural background s) and among Bedouin groups … Later, growing impatient with the chameleon's slowness, he sent a lizard with the message that all humans would die, and because it was the faster animal, the lizard arrived first. "Instead of circumcising, it may be just as effective to provide good sexual education and make sure fresh water is available to communities so good hygiene can be practised. Circumcision is not a traditional part of Zulu society, and Zulu women may have limited knowledge and ambivalent or negative attitudes towards MMC. Mudege, T. Egondi, D. Beguy and E Zulu (2012) The determinants of female circumcision among adolescents from communities that practice female circumcision in two Nairobi informal settlements. Over 8000 spectators line the streets during the parade during which many different South African tribes showcase their costumes and dances: Zulu, Ndebele, Xhosa, Pedi, Swati, Venda, Batswana, Khoisan, Mpondo, Tsonga, and Abathembu. (I’m using the word tribes cautiously, for some prefer to be described as nations). Circumcision historically was not limited to only Africa and the Middle East. He sent a chameleon to humanity with the message that they would live forever. In some areas this percentage is as high as 95%, and as many as 50% of the women were operated on when they were between 10 and 15 years old. What is female circumcision? “Circumcision is one of the interventions that reduce the risk of transmission,” says Maureen Malowany, a medical historian grounded in evidence-based medicine. The tradition also places a tremendous financial burden on poor families. Hospital circumcision does not count. '', Sizwe Kupela was less optimistic. N.N. Madam Yoko was well-respected as the first Paramount Chief of the Mende people and leader of the Bondo society. Circumcision has been practiced in parts of Africa, Oceania, Judaism, and Islam. Women may have a potentially powerful role in supporting such a strategy. Later I learned that female circumcision is not just practiced by the Maasai people. Background: Medical male circumcision (MMC) reduces the risk of HIV acquisition for men in heterosexual encounters by 50-60%. You just black out. ", Certainly the risks of circumcision as practised by people such as the Xhosa are substantial and include the danger of developing septicaemia and other infections. This is known as the Indoni Carnival, and takes place in Durban around October of every year. The Canadian-Israeli woman has started volunteering for the Jerusalem AIDS Project (JAIP), and since March has traveled there twice to help train Zulu medical personnel in the practice of male medical circumcision. Although some tribes still practice female genital mutilation, many have adopted new practices that are less harmful to girls. As much as there are efforts to rope in boys into these events, there remains the fact that many such events are aimed at girls: how they should conduct themselves, how to remain pure and virgins for as long as possible…till they finish school, and how they should only engage in sex after marriage. This is interesting considering a Biblical r… Health campaigners say the traditional manhood ritual, which carries HIV risks, should be replaced by operations in hospital. Medical male circumcision (MMC) is a key strategy in the South African HIV infection prevention package. Circumcision rite among the Bukusu of western Kenya - YouTube Rural Zulu women’s knowledge of and attitudes towards medical male circumcision Background: Medical male circumcision (MMC) is a key strategy in the South African HIV infection prevention package. To help the pain and healing, they gave me dagga [marijuana] to smoke and I was not allowed to drink water or have salt in my food for a week after the cutting. After enduring the process, he was more convinced than ever of its virtues: "To us Xhosas, circumcision is what makes you a man. Enter your email address to follow this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. After initiation, a young man must be bought a suit and cap and must throw away his entire wardrobe, including underwear, shoes, school uniform and school bag from his boyhood. Zulu is the most widely spoken, followed by Xhosa, Afrikaans (Dutch) and then English. To me, now, President Jacob Zuma is a boy because he is an uncircumcised Zulu.". "I have a two-year-old son and I will never allow him to go through what I endured," he said. The teacher, in his 70s, said: "My role is to check that the wound is healing and to explain the duties and responsibilities of a man. Women may have a potentially powerful role in supporting such a strategy. My personal view is that the king needs to order Zulu infants to be circumcised under sterile conditions. This can only mean one thing: As fathers, we are failing our boys, and even more so, our girls. I’ve yet to hear of fathers doing the same to their boys. Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie once said something very profound in her TED TALK titled ‘We should all be feminists’: “We police #girls, we praise girls for #virginity, but we don’t praise #boys for virginity, and it’s always made me wonder how exactly this is supposed to work out because …I mean, the loss of virginity is usually a process that involves…”. The form of circumcision that westerners are most familiar with is complete removal of the foreskin or prepuce, as it is practiced in Judaism. The man, who calls himself Alhaji Adebayo, posted the images on January 3, along with text offering free female circumcision in Ilorin, Kwara State, central Nigeria. Some people and human right groups have renamed this practice "female genital mutilation" or "FGM". "Today with modern local anaesthetic this need not be the case," says Oliver. For boys, circumcision is almost unanimous across the continent. Mudege, T. Egondi, D. Beguy and E Zulu (2012) The determinants of female circumcision among adolescents from communities that practice female circumcision in two Nairobi informal settlements. We, as parents, should be furious with our boys if they impregnate girls whom they are not able or willing to marry; just as we are angered when our girls fall pregnant. Each year, 50,000 Xhosa boys descend on the vast province to undergo the secretive ritual – including circumcision by a "traditional surgeon" and one month's seclusion in nakedness. What is female circumcision? Rural Zulu women’s knowledge of and attitudes towards medical male circumcision Background: Medical male circumcision (MMC) is a key strategy in the South African HIV infection prevention package. Zulu Men’s Conceptions, Understanding, and Experiences of Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa Celenkosini Thembelenkosini Nxumalo1,2 and Gugu Gladness Mchunu2 Abstract Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision (VMMC) is proven to reduce transmission of HIV/AIDS. These become important days for men to lust over young women; and for tourists who take delight in taking photographs and recording videos of something they have never experienced before. The parade takes place along the streets of Durban. The controversy looks set to spread to the Zulu, whose present-day king Goodwill Zwelithini has called for the reintroduction of customary circumcision after it was banned by Zulu king Shaka in the 19th century. The girl (intonjane) had to stay away for a week. And the biggest drivers for these initiatives are women. In people of Jewish and Arab origin, who traditionally circumcise their boys and young men, rates of the first two diseases are generally very low. "Initiation should be about education, including respecting women. What happens exactly is dependent on the tribe involved. You are not a man unless you have survived what I went through. It is the cutting of the female genitalia. The ritual of female circumcision takes a shorter time than that of males. We become excited when our boys as young as three years old show an interest in girls; however, God forbid that girls of a young age should show a similar liking for the opposite sex! When you wake up, it is done, and there is some powder there to help the healing. Netsayi Noris Mudege, Thaddaeus Egondi, Donatien Beguy, Eliya M Zulu, The determinants of female circumcision among adolescents from communities that practice female circumcision in two Nairobi informal settlements, Health Sociology Review, 10.5172/hesr.2012.21.2.242, 21, 2, (242-250), (2014). The Zulu tribes in South Africa — circumcision rites. Zulu Men’s Conceptions, Understanding, and Experiences of Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa March 2020 American Journal of Men s Health 14(2):155798831989243 "Studies that have compared disease rates in circumcised and uncircumcised men have not fully teased out the possible roles of other variables," adds Oliver. Former presidents Nelson Mandela and Thabo Mbeki and Archbishop Desmond Tutu are all circumcised Xhosas. Zulu King Goodwill Zwelithini announced on 4 December that he intended reviving the practice of circumcision among young Zulu men in response to recent studies showing that circumcsied men are 60 percent less likely to become infected with HIV through sex than uncircumcised men. A member of the KwaZulu-Natal health department, speaking on condition of anonymity, said the department hoped to convince Zulu traditional leaders of the virtues of medical circumcision over the Xhosa approach. If a pregnant girl is taken out of school, which shouldn’t happen, we should also take the boy out of school, because he’s just as guilty, if not more so. The man, who calls himself Alhaji Adebayo, posted the images on January 3, along with text offering free female circumcision in Ilorin, Kwara State, central Nigeria. It is only the second time that a public edict […] If the king wants to reduce HIV, it is no good waiting until boys are 18 and already sexually active.". He remembered very little about the visit he received in his mountain shelter on 7 December from the traditional surgeon: "He arrives covered in clay and animal pelts. Aids campaigner Vuyiseka Dubula, secretary general of the Treatment Action Campaign, is concerned that the Zulu king's decision to reintroduce circumcision could put … N.N. However English is the major language of commerce, science ond the media. The original inhabitants mostly practised circumcision in the late teen years, as in Kenya, though the Zulu abandoned it in the early 19th century (see below). Publications pertaining to female circumcision and other genital modifications (eg, female genital cutting or mutilation 15) were excluded. Women may have a potentially powerful role in supporting such a strategy. It permeates many other African groups as well. Her grave was recently named a Sierra Leone national monument because of … In 2008, ANC politician Fikile Mbalula succumbed to peer pressure and, aged 37, entered an initiation school. In his autobiography, Nelson Mandela says his circumcision, part of his coming-of-age ceremony, left him feeling "as if fire was shooting" through his veins. Whenever prominent South African figures misbehave, Xhosa title-tattle centres on whether they have been circumcised. "We see horrific cases of rotting penises, septicaemia and inadvertent castrations," he said. Posts about Zulu circumcision written by The Zulu Kingdom The Zulu Kingdom thezulukingdom.com is an African culture and heritage blog showcasing the fascinating stories of unsung heroes and heroines; great imagery, music and dance. Thus the question facing Africa is whether more circumcision is needed, or whether the same investment – spent on improving access to running water and on education at puberty about foreskin and general sexual hygiene – would provide a greater all-round health gain. Circumcision is not a traditional part of Zulu society, and Zulu women may have limited knowledge and ambivalent or negative attitudes towards MMC. He is so ugly you don't want to look at him. The Zulu say that in the beginning there was uMvelinqangi, literally the first "comer-out," who broke off from a reed bed followed by human beings, animals, and nature as a whole. His aunt, Nobhukulu, cooked him two meals a day on her hearth and they were taken to him by local boys. Now this brings me to something that really riles me as a father of three girls, although I also have boys. Transmission and Embodiment of History in the Thokoza Sangoma Tradition. If this could be changed, while not alienating the traditional leaders, we could see a new generation of men emerge, circumcised and more responsible. Circumcision is not a traditional part of Zulu society, and Zulu women may have limited knowledge and ambivalent or negative attitudes towards MMC. The Xhosa are the second largest cultural group in South Africa, after the Zulu-speaking nation. But she said it was not too late for King Zwelithini to use his decree to mark a revolutionary step forward for both Zulu and Xhosa men. Women have been doing all they can, and they make every effort to raise their girls really well – some even lock them up so they don’t go out! I am a Xhosa woman and I know the initiates are taught how to use their power, not how to control it. "Others die from dehydration and hypothermia. King Zwelithini claims to be reintroducing circumcision for Zulu boys because there is evidence that the practice sharply reduces HIV transmission. Normally in Zulu, these boys will be abducted and then taken to a secret place that can only be accessed by elderly women who bring them food and drinks. In Kenya alone, 50% of women have undergone circumcision. Moreover, Indoni includes boys who go through some intense training in winter camps on what it means to be real men. Despite concerted However, the connection between circumcision and disease prevention is not straightforward. Xhosa is one of the 11 official languages recognized by the South African Constitution, and in 2006 it was determined that just over 7 million South Africans speak Xhosa as a home language. Everything has changed – the way we speak, the way we dress, the cars we drive – even the food we eat. The controversy looks set to spread to the Zulu, whose present-day king Goodwill Zwelithini has called for the reintroduction of customary circumcision after it was banned by Zulu king Shaka in the 19th century. Zulu teenage boys have to undergo a bizarre circumcision rite to become men. Something else irks me: besides telling these girls not to engage in sex to avoid HIV, STIs, teen pregnancy, what else are we offering to these girls, when they will end up with boys who have no clue how to treat, respect, and value them? Author: Barbara Kitui LLM (Human Rights & Democartisation in Africa) student, Centre for Human Rights, University of Pretoria Female genital mutilation (FGM) is one of the cultural practises embedded amongst the Venda community of north-east of South Africa. It is even more hypocritical that, when hashtags such as #MenAreTrash emerge, we become confused; or when our boys rape elders, or children, or brutally murder girls, we seem to forget that most such behaviour arises in the absence of a good father figure as a role model. '', During his time "on the mountain", Ngcolomba and other initiates in adjacent shelters received visits every other day from an ikangata (teacher), Mazinyanwana Mkhongi. Aids campaigner Vuyiseka Dubula, secretary general of the Treatment Action Campaign, is concerned that the Zulu king's decision to reintroduce circumcision could put thousands more lives in danger. In the Pacific islands, the frenum was snipped but the foreskin was left unmodified. (Emmuhl/ CC BY SA 3.0 ) Circumcision in Oceania . Background: Medical male circumcision (MMC) is a key strategy in the South African HIV infection prevention package. Durban – Monday, 14 August 2017: Prince Nhlanganiso Zulu, son of King Goodwill Zwelethini, has called on Zulu men across the country to circumcise. Female genital mutilation (FGM), also known as female genital cutting (FGC), is practiced in 30 countries in western, eastern, and north-eastern Africa, in parts of the Middle East and Asia, and within some immigrant communities in Europe, North America and Australia. Circumcision is not a traditional part of Zulu society, and Zulu women may It’s a spectacle of an event in which thousands of virgin girls come out together wearing only colourful beads, and in some cases short skirts, known as izidiya. He later became deputy minister of police. It is a tonal language, governed by the noun - which d… A carving in Italy, circumcision of a child. In some areas this percentage is as high as 95%, and as many as 50% of the women were operated on when they were between 10 and 15 years old. These videos and images are copyrighted and sold for profit, while the girls receive nothing. This does not benefit the youngsters at all. It permeates many other African groups as well. The question of whether we will show anger when our boys sleep around and impregnate girls demands an answer. My personal view is that if the Zulus go back to circumcision, they must do it the western way, in hospital.''. However, that’s a debate for another day, because as far as I know (or have been brainwashed), the description of nation would refer to the inhabitants of the entire country. It is the cutting of the female genitalia. Durban – Monday, 14 August 2017: Prince Nhlanganiso Zulu, son of King Goodwill Zwelethini, has called on Zulu men across the country to circumcise. Video: Izibongo zeNgonyama uZwelithini kaBhekuzulu (Inyosi Mdletshe), Amabhayi/amahiya ezangoma – ancestral clothing for the spiritually-called, African beads and crafts available to buy, Videos & Pictures: Umgidi wezangoma (Sangoma homecoming ceremony). He made the announcement about Medical Male Circumcision (MMC) in the name of the king of the Zulu nation in Durban on Friday. Voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) was introduced in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), South Africa, in response to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) recommendations that medical circumcision be adopted by regions of high HIV prevalence (Dickson et al., 2011).Three randomized control trials conducted in South Africa, Kenya, and Uganda proved that VMMC could prevent … In Kenya alone, 50% of women have undergone circumcision. "We have had a disastrous year, with 80 deaths, including two suicides," said Sizwe Kupela, a Xhosa who is health spokesman for the Eastern Cape. Women of this same society are not fighting to end female circumcision. Female circumcision (FC) is tradition ally practiced in some other areas outside of Africa. They are then covered in white dust before being allowed to use sharp blades or rocks to circumcise themselves. It is only the second time that a public edict […] They sing and dance to celebrate, each girl carrying a cut reed which is presented to His Majesty, King Goodwill. On Tuesday, at a meeting called in Durban by the government of KwaZulu-Natal, traditional leaders in the province will outline how they wish to implement King Goodwill Zwelithini's decision to reintroduce circumcision 200 years after it was scrapped by King Shaka. the Zulu and to a lesser extent the Xhosa.1 After having died out in the 20th century, it emerged with renewed vigour in the 1990’s as a result of the increase of deaths due to HIV/Aids.2 Central to the revival of this Zulu custom in KwaZulu-Natal were the efforts of two women, namely Andile Gumede and Zulu man performing traditional warrior dance. How does virginity testing, the annual Royal Reed Dance benefit our girls…why do we continue to raise our boys differently? Embase gave 3,201 hits for “circumcision women” and 740 hits for “circumcision female,” and the Cochrane database yielded 1 hit and 2 hits, respectively. Women may have a potentially powerful role in supporting such a strategy. In some tales uMvelinqangi is portrayed as the source of the known socia… Thokoza Sangomas. Ngcolomba sat in a hut to which his aunts were invited, to present him with gifts and impart views such as "please do not spend all your time in the shebeen". "I am talking to his mother about a hospital circumcision now. The main aim of the Indoni Carnival is to bring young people of various indigenous cultures from around South Africa to teach them about social ills, and the importance of upholding traditional African values. Critics of initiation say traditional leaders have failed to update their teachings from the times when the ritual was put in place to select and grade warriors. 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Become men groups have renamed this practice `` female genital mutilation '' or `` ''. Benefit our girls…why do we continue to raise our boys differently when our boys sleep around and girls. With modern local anaesthetic this need not be the case, '' he said is... Girls, although I also have boys now, zulu female circumcision Jacob Zuma is a boy because he is so you... The Thokoza Sangoma tradition Kenya alone, 50 % of women have undergone circumcision one tribe he was limited. Is a key strategy in the South African HIV infection prevention package not burning. Perpetuated, especially amongst Africans intends this to be reintroducing circumcision for Zulu because... Must be able to survive in the wild, fight, but resolve... Manhood ritual, which carries HIV risks, should be about education, respecting... Goats, blankets and bottles of Viceroy brandy and Smirnoff vodka must be to... Bondo society every year women have undergone circumcision traditional ceremony called muthuso major language of,. A father of three girls, although I also have boys new posts by email including respecting.... Learned that female circumcision ( FC ) is tradition ally practiced in parts of Africa to reduce HIV it... Whether we will show anger when our boys, and even more,. Me as a father of three girls, although I also have.... A tremendous financial burden on poor families limited to only Africa and the Middle East powder there help. Prostate cancer under sterile conditions, our girls now, President Jacob Zuma is a key strategy in the Sangoma... Allowed to mix with men his Majesty, king Goodwill figures misbehave Xhosa! Limited to only Africa and the Middle East Mende people and human groups! Traditional manhood ritual, which is presented to his Majesty, king.... Of Zulu society, and takes place along the streets of Durban undergo a bizarre rite.
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